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Sinus issues

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The sinuses are air-filled spaces located behind the forehead, cheeks, and nose. They play a role in filtering and humidifying the air we breathe, but when they become inflamed or blocked, they can cause discomfort and persistent symptoms. Sinus issues can range from temporary congestion to chronic sinusitis, significantly impacting breathing, sleep, and overall well-being.

What Causes Sinus Issues?

Sinus problems can arise due to various factors, including:

  • Infections: Viral infections, such as the common cold, can lead to sinus inflammation. Bacterial infections may develop if mucus becomes trapped in the sinuses.
  • Allergies: Seasonal allergies or sensitivities to dust, mold, and pet dander can trigger sinus swelling and congestion.
  • Nasal Polyps: These benign growths can obstruct sinus drainage, leading to recurrent infections.
  • Structural Abnormalities: A deviated septum or narrow sinus passages can contribute to chronic sinus problems.
  • Smoking and Environmental Irritants: Exposure to pollutants, smoke, or strong odors can irritate the sinuses and increase inflammation.
  • Dental Infections: Infections in the upper teeth can spread to the sinuses, causing pain and congestion.

Symptoms of Sinus Issues

Sinus problems can cause a range of symptoms and these can vary widely from person to person. Sometimes patients report facial pain or pressure (especially around the cheeks, forehead, and eyes) and headaches, others experience nasal congestion or blockages, thick nasal discharge (yellow or green mucus) and postnasal drip. Some rarer symptoms include chronic cough, bad breath or ear pressure.

Diagnosis

To determine the underlying cause of ETD, a thorough evaluation is essential:

  • Medical History: Understanding your symptoms—such as congestion, facial pain, or recurrent infections—helps pinpoint the cause.
  • Physical Examination and Endoscopy: In my clinic, I use a nasal endoscope to examine the sinuses and assess inflammation or structural concerns. Many patients find it helpful to see real-time images of their sinus anatomy on the screen.
  • CT Scan: If chronic sinus disease or structural abnormalities are suspected, a CT scan may be recommended to provide detailed imaging.
  • Allergy Testing: If allergies are contributing to sinus problems, skin prick tests or blood tests can identify triggers.
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Treatment Options

Once I have identified the cause, tailored treatment options can be explored:

  • Nasal Sprays: Corticosteroid nasal sprays help reduce inflammation, while decongestant sprays provide temporary relief.
  • Medications: Depending on the symptoms, antihistamines, antibiotics (for bacterial infections), may be prescribed.
  • Lifestyle Adjustments: Managing allergens, using saline nasal rinses, and avoiding irritants like smoke can help control symptoms.
  • Surgical Intervention (Endoscopic Sinus Surgery)

What is Endoscopic Sinus Surgery?

Endoscopic sinus surgery, sometimes called functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat chronic sinus problems that do not respond to medication.

The procedure is performed entirely through the nostrils, meaning no external incisions or facial scars. I pass a thin, rigid tube with a camera and light (endoscope) to visualise the sinuses and then use specialised instruments to study the inflamed tissues, remove blockages and widen the sinus passages to improve drainage. It takes about 1-2 hours and is performed under general anaesthesia.

Almost all patients experience huge improvements to their wellbeing after sinus surgery, such as reduced sinus infections, improved breathing and a better sense of smell. If you are considering sinus surgery. Click here to make an enquiry.