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Rhinitis

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Rhinitis refers to inflammation of the nasal lining, leading to symptoms such as nasal congestion, sneezing, and a runny nose. It can be classified into allergic rhinitis (triggered by allergens like pollen or dust mites) and non-allergic rhinitis (caused by factors such as infections, environmental irritants, or hormonal changes).

For many patients, rhinitis is a mild and intermittent condition, but persistent symptoms can significantly impact daily life, leading to sleep disturbances, fatigue, and difficulty concentrating.

Diagnosis

To determine the underlying cause of rhinitis, I conduct a thorough evaluation that includes:

  • Medical History: Understanding your symptoms—such as nasal congestion, sneezing patterns, or triggers—helps differentiate between allergic and non-allergic rhinitis.
  • Physical Examination and Endoscopy: In my clinic, I use a nasal endoscope to examine the nasal passages and assess inflammation
  • Allergy Testing: If allergic rhinitis is suspected, skin prick tests or blood tests can identify specific allergens. My team will arrange these tests for you and I will see you after for the results.
  • CT Scan: In cases of chronic or severe rhinitis, a CT scan may be recommended

For complex or persistent cases, managing rhinitis may involve a multidisciplinary team (MDT) of specialists working together to provide comprehensive care. This may include:

  • ENT Specialists: As an ENT doctor, I assess nasal structure, inflammation, and airway function, ensuring that symptoms are not caused by anatomical issues such as nasal polyps or sinus disease.  I also treat allergic rhinitis and in certain circumstances offer immunotherapy as a targeted allergy treatment.
  • Respiratory Physicians: In cases where rhinitis is linked to asthma, or other chronic lung conditions, collaboration with a respiratory specialist ensures optimal management.
  • Immunologists: For patients with underlying immune system disorders 
Rhinitis

Why See an ENT Specialist Before an Allergist?

Many patients with persistent nasal symptoms are referred to an ENT specialist first, particularly if their symptoms include nasal obstruction, sinus pressure or postnasal drip. This is because ENT specialists can assess whether structural issues—such as nasal polyps, deviated septum, or chronic sinusitis—are contributing to symptoms. If allergies are suspected as the primary cause, I may then refer patients to an allergist for further evaluation.

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Treatment Options

Once I have identified the cause, tailored treatment options can be explored:

  • Nasal Sprays: Corticosteroid nasal sprays help reduce inflammation, while decongestant sprays provide temporary relief.
  • Medications: Depending on the symptoms, antihistamines, antibiotics (for bacterial infections), may be prescribed.
  • Lifestyle Adjustments: Managing allergens, using saline nasal rinses, and avoiding irritants like smoke can help control symptoms.
  • Surgical Intervention (Endoscopic Sinus Surgery)

What is Endoscopic Sinus Surgery?

Endoscopic sinus surgery, sometimes called functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS), is a minimally invasive procedure used to treat chronic sinus problems that do not respond to medication.

The procedure is performed entirely through the nostrils, meaning no external incisions or facial scars. I pass a thin, rigid tube with a camera and light (endoscope) to visualise the sinuses and then use specialised instruments to study the inflamed tissues, remove blockages and widen the sinus passages to improve drainage. It takes about 1-2 hours and is performed under general anaesthesia.

Almost all patients experience huge improvements to their wellbeing after sinus surgery, such as reduced sinus infections, improved breathing and a better sense of smell. If you are considering sinus surgery. Click here to make an enquiry.